In 2003, Malaysia was a beautiful country located in Southeast Asia. It had a population of around 22 million people, primarily speaking Malay, Chinese, and English. According to computergees, the capital city was Kuala Lumpur, which is home to the National Palace and several other important government buildings and monuments. The economy relied heavily on its manufacturing sector with electronics being the main export item. Tourism was also becoming increasingly popular due to its stunning beaches and vibrant cities. In addition to its natural beauty, Malaysia had a rich cultural heritage with traditional music, cuisine and art that blended Asian influences with those from Europe and the Middle East. Despite its many challenges including poverty and political unrest in 2003, Malaysia remained a vibrant country that held great promise for its future generations.
Yearbook 2003
Malaysia. According to Countryaah.com, Malaysia Independence Day is August 31. Malaysia leader Mahathir bin Mohamad, who has dominated the country’s politics for 22 years, resigned as prime minister and finance minister on October 31. Deputy Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi succeeded him in both positions. Badawi has received the epithets “Mr Clean” and “Mr. Nice Guy” and is considered to be close to Mahathir.
Mahathir played a major role in Malaysia’s transition to a modern, centralized state with a successful economy, but he also received criticism for an authoritarian leadership style. Many observers believe that Mahathir will rule behind the scenes even after the change of power. In his inaugural speech, Badawi said his goal would be to strengthen democracy, which gave hope that Malaysian media and courts could once again work independently of the government, which was made more difficult under Mahathir’s power.
Malaysia, during the year, sharply criticized the United States and its allies for the war against Iraq. It was considered that the war violated international law and was an attempt by the Western powers to re-establish “Western imperialism”.
Another notable statement was made by Mahathir at a meeting of the Muslim Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in the fall. He urged Muslim countries to take up the fight against the Jews, which he said had a great influence on several countries in the Western world. The United States reacted particularly strongly to the statement, which was interpreted as anti-Semitic.
Several suspected members of the terrorist network Jemaa Islamiyya, who want to make the Muslim part of Southeast Asia an Islamic state, were arrested in Malaysia during the year. The group is believed to have contacts with the international terrorist network al-Qaeda. A strike was also made against the Islamist group KMM.
The year before, about 80 suspected supporters of militant Islamist groups had been imprisoned in the country, and police said that the threat to national security had been substantially reduced by the arrests.
In August, Indonesian Mohamed Iqbal Abdul Rahman was deported to his home country. Iqbal was considered to have worked as the operational manager of Jemaa Islamiyya until he was arrested in Malaysia in June 2001.
Anwar Ibrahim, once Mahathir’s closest man but who subsequently ended up in conflict with the prime minister, continued his efforts to be freed from the long prison sentence for corruption and sexual intercourse between men (banned by Malaysian law) he served. Anwar has repeatedly argued that the trials were politically motivated to remove him from the political arena when he began to pose a threat to Mahathir’s position of power. An attempt in the spring to appeal the nine-year sentence for sodomy failed.
During the year, Malaysia’s new administrative capital, Putrajaya, south of Kuala Lumpur, was inaugurated despite delays and high costs.
Country data
Area: 330,323 km2 (world ranking: 66)
Population: 31,624,000
Population density: 96 per km2 (as of 2017, world ranking: 45)
Capital: Kuala Lumpur; Seat of government: Putrajaya
Official languages: Malay (Bahasa Malaysia)
Gross domestic product: 314.5 billion US$; Real growth: 5.9%
Gross national product (GNP, per resident and year): 9650 US$
Currency: 1 Malaysian ringgit (RM) = 100 Sen
Embassy
Klingelhöferstr. 6, 10785 Berlin
Telephone 030 8857490,
Fax 030 88574950 www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/berlin
Government
Head of State: Muhammad V, Head of Government: Mahathir bin Mohamad, Exterior: Saifuddin Abdullah
National holiday: 31.8.
Administrative structure
13 federal states (including 9 sultanates) and 3 federal territories
State and form of government
Constitution of 1957
Elective parliamentary monarchy (in the Commonwealth)
State religion: Islam
Parliament: House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) with 222 members, election every 5 years; Senate (Dewan Negara) with 70 members (44 appointed by the head of state, 26 senators of the states)
Election of the head of state by the 9 sultans every 5 years
Suffrage from 21 years of age
Population: Malaysians, last census 2010: 28,334,135 residents.
67% Bumiputera (Malay), 25% Chinese, 7% Indian and other
Cities (with population): (as of 2000) Kuala Lumpur 1,297,526 inh., Ipoh 566,211, Klang (formerly Kelang) 563,173, Petaling Jaya 438,084, Selayang 426,951, Subang Jaya 423,338, Johor Baharu 384,613, Melaka 369,222, Kota Kinabalu 354,153, Shah Alam 319,612, Kuantan 283,041, Kuala Terengganu 250,528, Seremban 246,441, Kota Baharu 233,673, Taiping 183,320, George Town (v. Pinang) 180,573
religions,
61% Muslims 20% Buddhists, 9% Christians, 6% Hindus, 1% Confucians; Daoists, Sikhs and others (as of 2006)
Languages: Malay; Austronesian and Mon-Khmer languages; Chinese, Tamil and others
employed by economic sector:
agriculture. 11%, industry 27%, business 62% (2017)
Unemployment (in% of the labor force)
2017: 3.4%
Inflation rate (in%): 2017: 3.8%
Foreign trade: Import: 193.8 billion US $ (2017); Export: US $ 216.4 billion (2017)
Climate
Always humid tropical climate. High temperatures all year round (around 25ºC, at high altitudes 20ºC). High precipitation at all times of the year due to the influence of the monsoons at different times (3000 mm in the coastal lowlands, almost 6000 mm in the mountains) High humidity.
Malaysia Brief Guide
According to AbbreviationFinder, Malaysia is a state in Asia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia has a population of about 27 million and an area of 329,750 square kilometers. Malaysia’s neighbors are Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei. The official language of the country is Malay.
Malaysia consists of two distinct regions. Western Malaysia is formed by the southern part of the Malacca Peninsula, formerly Malaysia, while Eastern Malaysia includes the northern part of the island of Borneo with the exception of Brunei.
Malaysia’s largest population is the Malay, but the Chinese minority has dominated the country’s economy.
Climate
Borneo has a tropical climate and little variation in temperature throughout the year. The temperature rarely drops below 20 degrees at night and hurts to 35 degrees during the day. There is no actual rainy season in Borneo, but it usually rains more than normal during November-January. The climate is at its best during the Finnish summer time. At the equator, daily tropical deaf rain is common. The relative humidity of the air is 89-95 percent.
Food & beverage
Borneo shows the influences of Malaysian and Indonesian food culture. The food is tasty and seafood such as crabs and a variety of fish is well served. Rice and vegetables are the basis of many meals. Water and beverages must be industrially bottled. It is also a good idea to rinse fruits and vegetables with bottled water. Heated or tablet-purified water can be drunk. Reheated foods should be avoided.
Religion
The main religion of Malaysia and at the same time the state religion is Islam. Despite this, there is religious freedom in Malaysia. However, Muslims have e.g. its own tax practice, its own courts, and all state-sponsored schools provide Islamic instruction. Islam was first adopted by the rulers of the country and thus can be considered a kind of elite religion.
Exit fees and airport taxes Airport
taxes are included in the flight tickets. No exit fees are charged.
Good to know
We ask participants to respect the nature, customs and people of the country and also to dress accordingly. Women in particular should avoid clothes that are too tight and reveal the surface when moving around the cities.